Aim for FiveArt History

Required content

AP® Art History: all 250 required works

These are the 250 works you're expected to know, in course order and numbered as the course lists them. Each line gives the work's identifiers as the course states them: the title, then the place or artist, the culture, the date and the medium. For each work, learn what it looks like, what it was made for and what was going on around it.

174 works have a picture we're allowed to show, with its credit and license. For most of the others, there's a link to see the work: some are still under copyright, and some have no free photo. The list includes the fall 2026 updates to works 141, 175 and 227.

Showing everything.

Content area 1: Global Prehistory, 30,000–500 BCE

Works 1–11 · About 4% of the exam

Unit 1 guideUnit 1 flashcards

  1. 1. Apollo 11 stones

    Namibia. c. 25,500–25,300 bce. Charcoal on stone.

    Topic 1.1 Cultural Influences on Prehistoric ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  2. 2. Great Hall of the Bulls

    Lascaux, France. Paleolithic Europe. 15,000–13,000 bce. Rock painting.

    Topic 1.3 Theories and Interpretations of Prehistoric Art

    A black-and-white photograph of a curving cave wall painted with large outlined bulls, horses and small deer.
    Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0 · Source

  3. 3. Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine

    Tequixquiac, central Mexico. 14,000–7000 bce. Bone.

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  4. 4. Running horned woman

    Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria. 6000–4000 bce. Pigment on rock.

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric ArtSee it on whc.unesco.org (opens in a new tab)

  5. 5. Beaker with ibex motifs

    Susa, Iran. 4200–3500 bce. Painted terra cotta.

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric Art

    A tall, thin-walled pale clay beaker painted in dark brown with a stylized horned animal inside a panel, long-necked birds along the rim and running dogs in a band.
    Photo: Shonagon. CC0 · Source

  6. 6. Anthropomorphic stele

    Arabian Peninsula. Fourth millennium bce. Sandstone.

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric Art

    An upright slab of stone carved with a simple human face, arms and a belt in low relief.
    Photo: Wolfgang Sauber. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  7. 7. Jade cong

    Liangzhu, China. 3300–2200 bce. Carved jade.

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric Art

  8. 8. Stonehenge

    Wiltshire, UK. Neolithic Europe. c. 2500–1600 bce. Sandstone.

    Topic 1.3 Theories and Interpretations of Prehistoric Art

    A ring of massive standing stones, some topped by horizontal stones, on an open grassy plain.
    Photo: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  9. 9. The Ambum stone

    Ambum Valley, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. c. 1500 bce. Greywacke.

    Topic 1.1 Cultural Influences on Prehistoric ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  10. 10. Tlatilco female figurine

    Central Mexico, site of Tlatilco. 1200–900 bce. Ceramic.

    Topic 1.1 Cultural Influences on Prehistoric ArtSee it on artmuseum.princeton.edu (opens in a new tab)

  11. 11. Terra cotta fragment

    Lapita. Reef Islands, Solomon Islands. 1000 bce. Terra cotta (incised).

    Topic 1.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Prehistoric ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

Content area 2: Ancient Mediterranean, 3500 BCE–300 CE

Works 12–47 · About 15% of the exam

Unit 2 guideUnit 2 flashcards

  1. 12. White Temple and its ziggurat

    Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq). Sumerian. c. 3500–3000 bce. Mud brick.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  2. 13. Palette of King Narmer

    Predynastic Egypt. c. 3000–2920 bce. Greywacke.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    Both sides of a shield-shaped slab of dark stone carved in low relief: on one, a king in a tall crown raises a mace over a kneeling enemy; on the other, two long-necked beasts curl around a round hollow.
    Photo: James Quibell, 1904. Public domain · Source

  3. 14. Statues of votive figures, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)

    Sumerian. c. 2700 bce. Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    Two standing stone figures, one bearded, with huge inlaid eyes and hands clasped at their chests.
    Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  4. 15. Seated scribe

    Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2620–2500 bce. Painted limestone.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A painted stone statue of a seated man with crossed legs, a papyrus open on his lap and bright inlaid eyes.
    Photo: Shonagon. CC0 · Source

  5. 16. Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur (modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq)

    Sumerian. c. 2600–2400 bce. Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A wooden panel inlaid with shell figures on a deep blue background in three rows: chariots trample enemies and soldiers lead captives.
    Photo: BabelStone, edited by LeastCommonAncestor. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  6. 17. Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx

    Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550–2490 bce. Cut limestone.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A huge stone sphinx with a human head lies in front of large pyramids in the desert.
    Photo: kallerna. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  7. 18. King Menkaura and queen

    Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2490–2472 bce. Greywacke.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A dark stone statue of a striding king and a queen who embraces him, both standing stiffly and facing forward.
    Photo: Sintakso. CC0 · Source

  8. 19. The Code of Hammurabi

    Babylon (modern Iran). Susian. c. 1792–1750 bce. Basalt.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A tall black stone pillar with a relief of a standing ruler before a seated god at the top, and rows of cuneiform writing below.
    Photo: Mbzt. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  9. 20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

    Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: c. 1550 bce; hall: c. 1250 bce. Cut sandstone and mud brick.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    Massive carved stone columns crowded closely together in a roofless hall.
    Photo: Tsyganov Sergey. CC0 · Source

  10. 21. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

    Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1473–1458 bce. Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A temple of three long colonnaded terraces connected by ramps, set against a steep rocky cliff.
    Photo: Vyacheslav Argenberg. CC BY 4.0 · Source

  11. 22. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and three daughters

    New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty. c. 1353–1335 bce. Limestone.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A limestone relief of a king and queen seated facing each other, holding small children, under a sun disk whose rays end in hands.
    Photo: Gary Todd. CC0 · Source

  12. 23. Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin

    New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1323 bce. Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  13. 24. Last judgment of Hunefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead)

    New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. c. 1275 bce. Painted papyrus scroll.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A painted papyrus showing a heart being weighed on a scale against a feather while gods and a crouching monster watch.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  14. 25. Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq)

    Neo-Assyrian. c. 720–705 bce. Alabaster.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A colossal stone guardian with the body of a bull, feathered wings, a bearded human head and a tall horned crown, set in a doorway.
    Photo: Shonagon. CC0 · Source

  15. 26. Athenian agora

    Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 bce–150 ce. Plan.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A plan of an open public square surrounded by long colonnaded buildings, temples and meeting halls.
    Plan: Madmedea and LlywelynII. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  16. 27. Anavysos Kouros

    Archaic Greek. c. 530 bce. Marble with remnants of paint.

    Topic 2.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble statue of a nude young man standing stiffly with one foot forward, arms at his sides and a slight smile.
    Photo: Francesco Bini. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  17. 28. Peplos Kore from the Acropolis

    Archaic Greek. c. 530 bce. Marble, painted details.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble statue of a standing young woman in a straight, belted dress, with long braided hair and a slight smile; one forearm is missing.
    Photo: Marsyas. CC BY-SA 2.5 · Source

  18. 29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses

    Etruscan. c. 520 bce. Terra cotta.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A terracotta coffin lid with a smiling man and woman reclining together as if at a banquet.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  19. 30. Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

    Persepolis, Iran. Persian. c. 520–465 bce. Limestone.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A stone stairway wall carved in low relief with a row of bearded figures holding spears, walking in procession, some in tall fluted hats and some in rounded caps.
    Photo: Taranis-iuppiter. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  20. 31. Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Apollo

    Master sculptor Vulca. c. 510–500 bce. Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture.

    Topic 2.4 Theories and Interpretations of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A painted terracotta statue of a striding male figure with a wide smile, wearing a patterned robe.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  21. 32. Tomb of the Triclinium

    Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan. c. 480–470 bce. Tufa and fresco.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A painted tomb chamber: figures recline at a banquet on the back wall, and dancers and musicians appear on the side walls.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  22. 33. Niobides Krater

    Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter. c. 460–450 bce. Clay, red-figure technique (white highlights).

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A large two-handled vase with reddish-orange figures on a black background: warriors and a nude hero with a club stand and sit at different heights, as if on a hillside.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  23. 34. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

    Polykleitos. Original 450–440 bce. Roman copy (marble) of Greek original (bronze).

    Topic 2.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble statue of a nude muscular man, his weight on one leg and his head turned slightly.
    Photo: Yair Haklai. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  24. 35. Acropolis

    Athens, Greece. Iktinos and Kallikrates. c. 447–410 bce. Marble.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    The west end of a ruined marble temple with a row of columns under a triangular gable.
    Photo: George E. Koronaios. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  25. 36. Grave stele of Hegeso

    Attributed to Kallimachos. c. 410 bce. Marble and paint.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble relief of a seated woman lifting an item from a box held by a standing servant, framed like a small temple front.
    Photo: George E. Koronaios. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  26. 37. Winged Victory of Samothrace

    Hellenistic Greek. c. 190 bce. Marble.

    Topic 2.4 Theories and Interpretations of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A headless marble statue of a winged woman striding forward, her thin drapery pressed against her body by the wind.
    Photo: Wilfredo Rafael Rodriguez Hernandez. CC0 · Source

  27. 38. Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

    Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek. c. 175 bce. Marble (architecture and sculpture).

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A reconstructed monumental marble altar with a wide staircase between colonnaded wings, its base wrapped by a frieze of battling figures.
    Photo: Jan Mehlich. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  28. 39. House of the Vettii

    Pompeii, Italy. Imperial Roman. c. second century bce; rebuilt c. 62–79 ce. Cut stone and fresco.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A garden courtyard surrounded by columns in a Roman house, with walls painted in red and black panels behind.
    Photo: Gary Todd. CC0 · Source

  29. 40. Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii

    Republican Roman. c. 100 bce. Mosaic.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A crowded mosaic battle scene: a bareheaded rider charges from the left toward a ruler in a chariot who turns back in alarm.
    Photo: Carole Raddato. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  30. 41. Seated boxer

    Hellenistic Greek. c. 100 bce. Bronze.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A bronze statue of a muscular seated man with a battered face, turning his head over his shoulder; his hands are wrapped in leather straps.
    Photo: Carole Raddato. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  31. 42. Head of a Roman patrician

    Republican Roman. c. 75–50 bce. Marble.

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble portrait of an old man with a deeply wrinkled face, sunken cheeks and a tight mouth, set on a draped bust.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  32. 43. Augustus of Prima Porta

    Imperial Roman. Early first century ce. Marble.

    Topic 2.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble statue of a man in a carved breastplate raising his right arm, with a small winged child riding a dolphin at his leg.
    Photo: Carole Raddato. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  33. 44. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

    Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman. 70–80 ce. Stone and concrete.

    Topic 2.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A huge oval stone amphitheater with stacked rows of arches, partly ruined on one side.
    Photo: Nicholas Hartmann. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  34. 45. Forum of Trajan

    Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106–112 ce; column completed 113 ce. Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column).

    Topic 2.3 Purpose and Audience in Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A tall marble column wrapped in a spiral band of carved reliefs and topped by a bronze statue rises behind a row of broken granite column shafts, against a deep blue sky.
    Photo: Alvesgaspar. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  35. 46. Pantheon

    Imperial Roman. 118–125 ce. Concrete with stone facing.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A temple porch of tall columns with leafy capitals under a triangular gable, with an inscription across the front, attached to a massive round brick wall.
    Photo: Nicholas Hartmann. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  36. 47. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

    Late Imperial Roman. c. 250 ce. Marble.

    Topic 2.1 Cultural Contexts of Ancient Mediterranean Art

    A marble coffin carved in deep relief with a dense, chaotic battle, a calm bareheaded rider at the center.
    Photo: Livioandronico2013. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

Content area 3: Early Europe and Colonial Americas, 200–1750 CE

Works 48–98 · About 21% of the exam

Unit 3 guideUnit 3 flashcards

  1. 48. Catacomb of Priscilla

    Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200–400 ce. Excavated tufa and fresco.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A faded wall painting of a young shepherd carrying a sheep across his shoulders, between animals and trees.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  2. 49. Santa Sabina

    Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422–432 ce. Brick and stone, wooden roof.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A long, bright church interior with rows of white columns supporting arches, large windows high in the walls and a rounded apse at the end.
    Photo: Nicholas Hartmann. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  3. 50. Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis

    Early Byzantine Europe. Early sixth century ce. Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum).

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A manuscript page with silver writing on purple at the top; below, a woman with a jug walks from a city to a well, where she gives water to a man and his camels.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  4. 51. San Vitale

    Ravenna, Italy. Early Byzantine Europe. c. 526–547 ce. Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A mosaic of a crowned man in purple holding a golden bowl, flanked by clergy and soldiers, against a gold background.
    Photo: José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  5. 52. Hagia Sophia

    Constantinople (Istanbul). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532–537 ce. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A massive domed building with cascading half domes and four tall, slender towers at its corners.
    Photo: Arild Vågen. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  6. 53. Merovingian looped fibulae

    Early medieval Europe. Mid-sixth century ce. Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    Two matching silver-gilt brooches standing side by side. Each has a half-round plate at the bottom, an arched bow and a long, narrow upper plate inlaid with a fish made of small red garnets; curling hooks with round garnet eyes, like bird heads, project from the edges.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  7. 54. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

    Early Byzantine Europe. Sixth or early seventh century ce. Encaustic on wood.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A painted wooden panel of an enthroned woman holding a baby, flanked by two standing soldiers in court robes, with two angels behind her looking up.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  8. 55. Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St. Luke incipit page

    Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. 700 ce. Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum).

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A manuscript page filled with a cross set against dense interlacing bands, knots and stretched animal forms.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  9. 56. Great Mosque

    Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad. c. 785–786 ce. Stone masonry.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A dim hall filled with rows of slender columns supporting two tiers of arches striped in red and white.
    Photo: Alvaro.vinuela.carnicero. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  10. 57. Pyxis of al-Mughira

    Umayyad. c. 968 ce. Ivory.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A small, round ivory box with a domed lid, carved all over with figures and animals in lobed medallions among vines.
    Photo: Shonagon. CC0 · Source

  11. 58. Church of Sainte-Foy

    Conques, France. Romanesque Europe. Church: c. 1050–1130 ce; Reliquary of Saint Foy: ninth century ce, with later additions. Stone (architecture); stone and paint (tympanum); gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood (reliquary).

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A small seated figure covered in gold, with a large staring face, set with gems and crystals.
    Photo: ZiYouXunLu. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  12. 59. Bayeux Tapestry

    Romanesque Europe (English or Norman). c. 1066–1080 ce. Embroidery on linen.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A section of a long embroidered strip showing a comet in the sky, men pointing up at it and a crowned king on a throne, with words stitched above.
    Photo: Myrabella. Public domain · Source

  13. 60. Chartres Cathedral

    Chartres, France. Gothic Europe. Original construction c. 1145–1155 ce; reconstructed c. 1194–1220 ce. Limestone, stained glass.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    The west front of a large stone church with two mismatched towers, three doorways and a rose window.
    Photo: Dcconsta. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  14. 61. Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisées

    Gothic Europe. c. 1225–1245 ce. Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum). (2 images, each from a separate manuscript)

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A manuscript page with a crowned woman and a young crowned king seated under arches above a cleric and a scribe at work.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  15. 62. Röttgen Pietà

    Late medieval Europe. c. 1300–1325 ce. Painted wood.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A painted wooden sculpture of a grieving woman holding a thin, stiff dead man with bloody wounds across her lap.
    Photo: J. Vogel, LVR-LandesMuseum Bonn. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  16. 63. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation

    Padua, Italy. Unknown architect; Giotto di Bondone (artist). Chapel: c. 1303 ce; Fresco: c. 1305 ce. Brick (architecture) and fresco.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A fresco of mourners grieving over a dead man held on the ground, with angels crying in a blue sky and a rocky ridge sloping down.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  17. 64. Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover)

    Late medieval Spain. c. 1320 ce. Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum).

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A manuscript page divided into square scenes on gold backgrounds showing figures, animals and disasters.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  18. 65. Alhambra

    Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354–1391 ce. Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    Slender columns and delicately carved arches form a pavilion at the edge of a palace courtyard.
    Photo: Jebulon. CC0 · Source

  19. 66. Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)

    Workshop of Robert Campin. 1427–1432 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A three-panel oil painting: an angel visits a reading woman in a room in the center, a kneeling couple at a door at left, and a carpenter in his workshop at right.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  20. 67. Pazzi Chapel

    Basilica di Santa Croce. Florence, Italy. Filippo Brunelleschi (architect). c. 1429–1461 ce. Masonry.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A small Renaissance building with a porch of slender columns, a wide upper wall and a small dome, at the end of a long arcaded courtyard.
    Photo: Armin Kleiner. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  21. 68. The Arnolfini Portrait

    Jan van Eyck. c. 1434 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.5 Theories and Interpretations of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A man in a dark fur-trimmed robe and a woman in a green dress hold hands in a room with a chandelier, a small dog and a round mirror on the back wall.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  22. 69. David

    Donatello. c. 1440–1460 ce. Bronze.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A bronze statue of a slender nude youth in a brimmed hat and boots, one foot on a severed head, holding a sword.
    Photo: Yair Haklai. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  23. 70. Palazzo Rucellai

    Florence, Italy. Leon Battista Alberti (architect). c. 1450 ce. Stone, masonry.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A three-story stone palace facade divided by flat pilasters and horizontal bands, with paired arched windows.
    Photo: Miguel Hermoso Cuesta. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  24. 71. Madonna and Child with Two Angels

    Fra Filippo Lippi. c. 1465 ce. Tempera on wood.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A young woman with a delicate veil prays before a baby held up by two young angels, with a landscape seen through a window behind.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  25. 72. Birth of Venus

    Sandro Botticelli. c. 1484–1486 ce. Tempera on canvas.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A nude woman stands on a large shell at the shore, blown by winged wind figures while a woman reaches out with a flowered cloak.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  26. 73. Last Supper

    Leonardo da Vinci. c. 1494–1498 ce. Oil and tempera.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A long table with thirteen men seated along one side, the central figure framed by a window, in a room drawn in deep perspective.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  27. 74. Adam and Eve

    Albrecht Dürer. 1504 ce. Engraving.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A black-and-white engraving of a nude man and woman standing in a dark forest beside a tree with a serpent, surrounded by animals; a small tablet hangs from a branch.
    National Gallery of Art, Washington. CC0 · Source

  28. 75. Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall frescoes

    Vatican City, Italy. Michelangelo. Ceiling frescoes: c. 1508–1512 ce; altar frescoes: c. 1536–1541 ce. Fresco.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A long vaulted ceiling painted with framed scenes, seated prophets and many nude figures.
    Photo: Jörg Bittner Unna. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  29. 76. School of Athens

    Raphael. 1509–1511 ce. Fresco.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A fresco of many robed men gathered in a grand vaulted hall, with two central figures walking forward beneath an arch.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  30. 77. Isenheim altarpiece

    Matthias Grünewald. c. 1512–1516 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    An altarpiece showing a crucified figure with a twisted, sore-covered body, mourners at the left and a pointing figure at the right.
    Photo: Gzen92. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  31. 78. Entombment of Christ

    Jacopo da Pontormo. 1525–1528 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A tall painting of a tight cluster of figures in pale pinks and blues carrying a limp body against an empty background.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  32. 79. Allegory of Law and Grace

    Lucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1530 ce. Woodcut and letterpress.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A woodcut divided by a tree, half bare and half leafy: on one side a man is driven toward flames, on the other he is directed toward a figure on a cross, with printed text below.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  33. 80. Venus of Urbino

    Titian. c. 1538 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A nude woman reclines on a bed looking out at the viewer, with a small dog at her feet and two servants at a chest in the background.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  34. 81. Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza

    Viceroyalty of New Spain. c. 1541–1542 ce. Ink and color on paper.

    Topic 3.5 Theories and Interpretations of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A painted page showing an eagle on a cactus at the center of a square divided by blue bands, with seated figures and a border of blue squares.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  35. 82. Il Gesù, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco

    Rome, Italy. Giacomo da Vignola, plan (architect); Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect); Giovanni Battista Gaulli, ceiling fresco (artist). Church: 16th century ce; facade: 1568–1584 ce; fresco and stucco figures: 1676–1679 ce. Brick, marble, fresco, and stucco.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    Looking straight up at a church ceiling: a golden glow at the center of a painted sky, surrounded by swirling clouds and figures that spill over a gilded frame onto the coffered gold vault, with white stucco angels around the edges.
    Photo: LivioAndronico. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  36. 83. Hunters in the Snow

    Pieter Bruegel the Elder. 1565 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    Three men with spears and a pack of dogs trudge over a snow-covered hill toward a valley with frozen ponds full of skaters.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  37. 84. Mosque of Selim II

    Edirne, Turkey. Sinan (architect). 1568–1575 ce. Brick and stone.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A large mosque with a broad central dome, smaller domes and half domes, and four very tall, slender towers at its corners.
    Photo: BuhaM. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  38. 85. Calling of Saint Matthew

    Caravaggio. c. 1597–1601 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A dark room where men sit at a table counting coins as two figures enter from the right, one pointing, under a slanting beam of light.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  39. 86. Henri IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle

    Peter Paul Rubens. 1621–1625 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A huge painting in which a king in armor gazes at a portrait of a woman held up by small winged figures, while gods watch from the clouds and a helmeted woman stands behind him.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  40. 87. Self-Portrait with Saskia

    Rembrandt van Rijn. 1636 ce. Etching.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A small black-and-white print of a man in a soft hat drawing at a table, with a woman seated behind him.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  41. 88. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

    Rome, Italy. Francesco Borromini (architect). 1638–1646 ce. Stone and stucco.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A narrow stone church facade whose surface curves in and out, with columns, niches with statues and an oval medallion at the top.
    Photo: Nicholas Hartmann. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  42. 89. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

    Cornaro Chapel, Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Rome, Italy. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. c. 1647–1652 ce. Marble (sculpture); stucco and gilt bronze (chapel).

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A marble sculpture of a swooning woman on a cloud while a smiling winged youth holds an arrow over her, with gilded rays behind.
    Photo: Livioandronico2013. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  43. 90. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei

    Master of Calamarca (La Paz School). c. 17th century ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A winged figure in an elaborate Spanish nobleman's coat, lace collar and plumed hat holds a long gun.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  44. 91. Las Meninas

    Diego Velázquez. c. 1656 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A large room in which a young girl in a wide dress stands among attendants, with a painter at a tall canvas at left and a mirror on the back wall.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  45. 92. Woman Holding a Balance

    Johannes Vermeer. c. 1664 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A woman in a blue jacket stands at a table holding small scales, lit by a window at left, with a painting on the wall behind her.
    National Gallery of Art, Washington. CC0 · Source

  46. 93. The Palace at Versailles

    Versailles, France. Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects). Begun 1669 ce. Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture); marble and bronze (sculpture); gardens.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    Formal gardens of patterned flower beds, with a long stone palace facade in the distance.
    Photo: sybarite48. CC BY 2.0 · Source

  47. 94. Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene

    Circle of the González Family. c. 1697–1701 ce. Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay.

    Topic 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American ArtSee it on brooklynmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)

  48. 95. The Virgin of Guadalupe (Virgen de Guadalupe)

    Miguel González. c. 1698 ce. Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe. Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City. 16th century ce. Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American ArtSee it on collections.lacma.org (opens in a new tab)

  49. 96. Fruit and Insects

    Rachel Ruysch. 1711 ce. Oil on wood.

    Topic 3.1 Cultural Contexts of Early European and Colonial American Art

    A dark still life of fruit, grain and leaves on a ledge, with insects, a lizard and a bird's nest.
    Photo: Francesco Bini. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  50. 97. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo

    Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez. c. 1715 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American ArtSee it on breamorehouse.com (opens in a new tab)

  51. 98. The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la Mode

    William Hogarth. c. 1743 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 3.4 Purpose and Audience in Early European and Colonial American Art

    A tired young couple sprawl in a messy drawing room while a steward with papers walks away, raising a hand.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

Content area 4: Later Europe and Americas, 1750–1980 CE

Works 99–152 · About 21% of the exam

Unit 4 guideUnit 4 flashcards

  1. 99. Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

    Miguel Cabrera. c. 1750 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A nun in a white and black habit with a large painted badge on her chest sits in a library, one hand on an open book, with shelves of books behind her.
    Photo: José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  2. 100. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery

    Joseph Wright of Derby. c. 1763–1765 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    In a dark room, adults and children gather around a brass model of the planets, their faces lit by a hidden lamp at its center.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  3. 101. The Swing

    Jean-Honoré Fragonard. 1767 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A young woman in a pink dress flies on a swing in a leafy garden, kicking off a shoe, while a young man reclines in the bushes below.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  4. 102. Monticello

    Virginia, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768–1809 ce. Brick, glass, stone, and wood.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A brick house with a white columned portico and a low dome, set behind a lawn.
    Photo: YF12s. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  5. 103. The Oath of the Horatii

    Jacques-Louis David. 1784 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    Three men in Roman armor raise their arms toward swords held by an older man, while women slump in grief at the right, under three arches.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  6. 104. George Washington

    Jean-Antoine Houdon. 1788–1792 ce. Marble.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A life-size white marble statue of a man in an 18th-century military coat and boots, one hand on a walking cane and the other resting on a bundle of rods draped with a cloak, in a yellow-walled domed hall.
    Photo: xiquinhosilva. CC BY 4.0 · Source

  7. 105. Self-Portrait

    Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. 1790 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A woman at an easel turns toward the viewer with a smile, holding a brush; she wears a dark dress, a red sash and a white lace collar.
    Galleria degli Uffizi, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  8. 106. Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to Be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15

    Francisco de Goya. 1810–1823 ce (published 1863). Etching, drypoint, burin, and burnishing.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A print of a blindfolded man tied to a post, with a body on the ground beside him and gun barrels pointing in from the right edge.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  9. 107. La Grande Odalisque

    Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. 1814 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A nude woman reclines on a couch with her back to the viewer, looking over her shoulder and holding a feather fan.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  10. 108. Liberty Leading the People

    Eugène Delacroix. 1830 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A bare-breasted woman in a red cap raises a red, white and blue flag over a barricade of bodies, leading armed men and a boy forward through smoke.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  11. 109. The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm)

    Thomas Cole. 1836 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A landscape split between dark storm clouds over a forested mountain on the left and sunlit fields along a looping river on the right.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  12. 110. Still Life in Studio

    Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. 1837 ce. Daguerreotype.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    An early photograph of plaster casts, a wicker-covered bottle and a framed picture arranged on a shelf.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  13. 111. Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On)

    Joseph Mallord William Turner. 1840 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A blazing red and yellow sunset over a stormy sea, with a ship tossed in the distance and shackled hands and fish in the waves in the foreground.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  14. 112. Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament)

    London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin (architects). 1840–1870 ce. Limestone masonry and glass.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A long stone building in Gothic style, with pinnacles and tall towers, along a river.
    Photo: Diliff. CC BY-SA 2.5 · Source

  15. 113. The Stone Breakers

    Gustave Courbet. 1849 ce (destroyed in 1945). Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    Two laborers, an old man and a boy, break and carry stones by a roadside; their clothes are ragged and their faces hidden.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  16. 114. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art

    Honoré Daumier. 1862 ce. Lithograph.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A cartoon of a man in a balloon basket leaning over with a camera above a city whose buildings are covered with signs.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  17. 115. Olympia

    Édouard Manet. 1863 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A nude young woman reclines on a bed looking directly at the viewer, while a Black maid brings flowers and a black cat stands at her feet.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  18. 116. The Saint-Lazare Station

    Claude Monet. 1877 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A steam locomotive in a station under a glass and iron roof, filled with clouds of blue and white steam.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  19. 117. The Horse in Motion

    Eadweard Muybridge. 1878 ce. Albumen print.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A grid of small photographs of a horse and rider galloping, each frame showing a slightly later moment.
    Library of Congress. Public domain · Source

  20. 118. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel)

    Jose María Velasco. 1882 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A wide, sunny panorama from a hillside over a valley with lakes, a distant city and snow-capped volcanoes.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  21. 119. The Burghers of Calais

    Auguste Rodin. 1884–1895 ce. Bronze.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A bronze group of six men in rough robes with ropes around their necks, walking with gestures of despair.
    Photo: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra. CC BY 2.0 · Source

  22. 120. The Starry Night

    Vincent van Gogh. 1889 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A swirling, deep-blue sky full of glowing orbs and a crescent moon above a small village, with a dark, flame-like tree in the foreground.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  23. 121. The Coiffure

    Mary Cassatt. 1890–1891 ce. Drypoint and aquatint.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A color print of a woman, nude to the waist, seated in a striped chair and arranging her hair before a mirror, with patterned wallpaper and a patterned rug.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  24. 122. The Scream

    Edvard Munch. 1893 ce. Tempera and pastels on cardboard.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A figure with a skull-like face clutches its head on a bridge under a swirling blood-red sky.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  25. 123. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

    Paul Gauguin. 1897–1898 ce. Oil on canvas.

    A long, frieze-like painting of figures in a lush tropical landscape: a baby at the right, a figure picking fruit at the center and an old woman at the left.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  26. 124. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building

    Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Louis Sullivan (architect). 1899–1903 ce. Iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A white multistory building with wide windows in a grid and an ornate dark metal corner entrance.
    Photo: Ken Lund. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  27. 125. Mont Sainte-Victoire

    Paul Cézanne. 1902–1904 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A mountain above a valley painted in blocks and patches of green, ochre and blue.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  28. 126. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

    Pablo Picasso. 1907 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American ArtSee it on moma.org (opens in a new tab)

  29. 127. The Steerage

    Alfred Stieglitz. 1907 ce. Photogravure.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A photograph of a crowded ship with passengers on a lower deck and an upper deck, divided by a slanting gangway.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  30. 128. The Kiss

    Gustav Klimt. 1907–1908 ce. Oil and gold leaf on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    An embracing couple wrapped in robes of gold, his patterned with rectangles and hers with circles, kneeling on a flowered meadow.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  31. 129. The Kiss

    Constantin Brancusi. Original 1907–1908 ce. Stone.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American ArtSee it on muzeuldeartacraiova.ro (opens in a new tab)

  32. 130. The Portuguese

    Georges Braque. 1911 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American ArtSee it on sammlungonline.kunstmuseumbasel.ch (opens in a new tab)

  33. 131. Goldfish

    Henri Matisse. 1912 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    Orange goldfish swimming in a glass bowl on a small round table surrounded by green plants and flowers.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  34. 132. Improvisation 28 (second version)

    Vassily Kandinsky. 1912 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A near-abstract painting of bright colors and sweeping black lines with only hints of recognizable forms.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  35. 133. Self-Portrait as a Soldier

    Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. 1915 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A man in a blue military uniform with a cigarette and a bloody stump for a right hand, with a nude woman behind him.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  36. 134. Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht

    Käthe Kollwitz. 1919–1920 ce. Woodcut.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American Art

    A black-and-white woodcut of grieving people bending over a body laid out before them.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  37. 135. Villa Savoye

    Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Le Corbusier (architect). 1929 ce. Steel and reinforced concrete.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on villa-savoye.fr (opens in a new tab)

  38. 136. Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow

    Piet Mondrian. 1930 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

    A white square crossed by thick black lines, with a large red square at the upper right, a small blue rectangle at the lower left and a small yellow block at the lower right.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  39. 137. Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan

    Varvara Stepanova. 1932 ce. Photomontage.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  40. 138. Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure)

    Meret Oppenheim. 1936 ce. Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on moma.org (opens in a new tab)

  41. 139. Fallingwater

    Pennsylvania, U.S. Frank Lloyd Wright (architect). 1936–1939 ce. Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A house of concrete terraces and stone cantilevered over a waterfall in a wooded valley.
    Photo: Carol M. Highsmith, Library of Congress. Public domain · Source

  42. 140. The Two Fridas

    Frida Kahlo. 1939 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.4 Theories and Interpretations of Later European and American ArtSee it on mam.inba.gob.mx (opens in a new tab)

  43. 141. The Migration Series, Panel 49

    Jacob Lawrence. 1940–1941 ce. Casein tempera on hardboard.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on phillipscollection.org (opens in a new tab)

  44. 142. The Jungle

    Wifredo Lam. 1943 ce. Gouache on paper mounted on canvas.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American ArtSee it on moma.org (opens in a new tab)

  45. 143. Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park

    Diego Rivera. 1947–1948 ce. Fresco.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on museomuraldiegorivera.inba.gob.mx (opens in a new tab)

  46. 144. Fountain (second version)

    Marcel Duchamp. 1950 ce. (original 1917). Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on philamuseum.org (opens in a new tab)

  47. 145. Woman, I

    Willem de Kooning. 1950–1952 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on moma.org (opens in a new tab)

  48. 146. Seagram Building

    New York City, U.S. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (architects). 1954–1958 ce. Steel frame with glass curtain wall and bronze.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American Art

    A tall, dark tower of glass and bronze-colored metal, seen from below beside trees.
    Photo: Max Hermus. Public domain · Source

  49. 147. Marilyn Diptych

    Andy Warhol. 1962 ce. Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American ArtSee it on tate.org.uk (opens in a new tab)

  50. 148. Narcissus Garden

    Yayoi Kusama. Original installation and performance 1966. Mirror balls.

    Topic 4.4 Theories and Interpretations of Later European and American ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  51. 149. The Bay

    Helen Frankenthaler. 1963 ce. Acrylic on canvas.

    Topic 4.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Later European and American ArtSee it on dia.org (opens in a new tab)

  52. 150. Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks

    Claes Oldenburg. 1969–1974 ce. Cor-Ten steel, steel, aluminum, and cast resin; painted with polyurethane enamel.

    Topic 4.2 Purpose and Audience in Later European and American ArtSee it on artgallery.yale.edu (opens in a new tab)

  53. 151. Spiral Jetty

    Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Robert Smithson. 1970 ce. Earthwork: mud, precipitated salt crystals, rocks, and water coil.

    Topic 4.4 Theories and Interpretations of Later European and American ArtSee it on diaart.org (opens in a new tab)

  54. 152. House in New Castle County

    Delaware, U.S. Robert Venturi, John Rauch, and Denise Scott Brown (architects). 1978–1983 ce. Wood frame and stucco.

    Topic 4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

Content area 5: Indigenous Americas, 1000 BCE–1980 CE

Works 153–166 · About 6% of the exam

Unit 5 guideUnit 5 flashcards

  1. 153. Chavín de Huántar

    Northern highlands, Peru. Chavín. 900–200 bce. Stone (architectural complex); granite (Lanzón and sculpture); hammered gold alloy (jewelry).

    Topic 5.4 Theories and Interpretations of Indigenous American Art

    A tall, blade-shaped granite stone in a narrow stone passage, carved with a fanged figure.
    Photo: Reto Luescher. CC BY 2.5 · Source

  2. 154. Mesa Verde cliff dwellings

    Montezuma County, Colorado. Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi). 450–1300 ce. Sandstone.

    Topic 5.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Indigenous American Art

    Multistory stone buildings and round towers built into a large cave beneath a cliff overhang.
    Photo: Tobi 87. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  3. 155. Yaxchilán

    Chiapas, Mexico. Maya. 725 ce. Limestone (architectural complex).

    Topic 5.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Indigenous American Art

    A stone temple on a terrace with doorways and a tall, openwork crest on its roof, surrounded by forest.
    Photo: Arian Zwegers. CC BY 2.0 · Source

  4. 156. Great Serpent Mound

    Adams County, southern Ohio. Mississippian (Eastern Woodlands). c. 1070 ce. Earthwork/effigy mound.

    Topic 5.4 Theories and Interpretations of Indigenous American Art

    A long, curving earthen mound shaped like a snake on a grassy ridge.
    Photo: Stephanie A. Terry. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  5. 157. Templo Mayor (Main Temple)

    Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City, Mexico). Mexica (Aztec). 1375–1520 ce. Stone (temple); volcanic stone (The Coyolxauhqui Stone); jadeite (Olmec-style mask); basalt (Calendar Stone).

    Topic 5.3 Purpose and Audience in Indigenous American Art

    Excavated stone walls and stairways from a temple's successive building stages, surrounded by a modern city.
    Photo: Juan Carlos Fonseca Mata. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  6. 158. Ruler’s feather headdress (probably of Motecuhzoma II)

    Mexica (Aztec). 1428–1520 ce. Feathers (quetzal and cotinga) and gold.

    Topic 5.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Indigenous American Art

    A large semicircular headdress of long green feathers with bands of blue feathers and small gold plates.
    Photo: Richard Mortel. CC BY 2.0 · Source

  7. 159. City of Cusco, including Qorikancha (Inka main temple), Santo Domingo (Spanish colonial convent), and Walls at Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman)

    Central highlands, Peru. Inka. c. 1440 ce; convent added 1550–1650 ce. Andesite.

    Topic 5.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Indigenous American Art

    A colonial church and convent built on top of a curved wall of finely fitted stone blocks.
    Photo: Cyntia Motta. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  8. 160. Maize cobs

    Inka. c. 1440–1533 ce. Sheet metal/repoussé, metal alloys.

    Topic 5.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Indigenous American ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  9. 161. City of Machu Picchu

    Central highlands, Peru. Inka. c. 1450–1540 ce. Granite (architectural complex).

    Topic 5.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Indigenous American Art

    Granite buildings and terraces spread across a high mountain ridge, with steep green peaks behind.
    Photo: Martin St-Amant. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  10. 162. All-T’oqapu tunic

    Inka. 1450–1540 ce. Camelid fiber and cotton.

    Topic 5.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Indigenous American Art

    A tunic covered entirely with a grid of small squares, each filled with a different colorful geometric design.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  11. 163. Bandolier bag

    Lenape (Delaware tribe, Eastern Woodlands). c. 1850 ce. Beadwork on leather.

    Topic 5.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Indigenous American ArtSee it on americanindian.si.edu (opens in a new tab)

  12. 164. Transformation mask

    Kwakwaka’wakw, Northwest coast of Canada. Late 19th century ce. Wood, paint, and string.

    Topic 5.3 Purpose and Audience in Indigenous American Art

    A carved wooden mask spread open into two large curved side panels painted with eyes and swirling shapes in red, green and black, flanking a painted human face with red lips, with tufts of shredded bark on top.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  13. 165. Painted elk hide

    Attributed to Cotsiogo (Cadzi Cody), Eastern Shoshone, Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. c. 1890–1900 ce. Painted elk hide.

    Topic 5.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Indigenous American Art

  14. 166. Black-on-black ceramic vessel

    Maria Martínez and Julian Martínez, Tewa, Puebloan, San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico. c. mid-20th century ce. Blackware ceramic.

    Topic 5.2 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Indigenous American ArtSee it on nmwa.org (opens in a new tab)

Content area 6: Africa, 1100–1980 CE

Works 167–180 · About 6% of the exam

Unit 6 guideUnit 6 flashcards

  1. 167. Conical tower and circular wall of Great Zimbabwe

    Shona peoples (Southeastern Zimbabwe). c. 1000–1400 ce. Coursed granite blocks.

    Topic 6.3 Theories and Interpretations of African Art

    A tall conical stone tower inside a curved wall built of fitted granite blocks, with trees around.
    Photo: Fanny Schertzer. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  2. 168. Great Mosque of Djenné

    Mali. Founded c. 1200 ce; rebuilt 1906–1907 ce. Adobe.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A huge mud-brick building with towers topped by cones and wooden beams sticking out of the walls.
    Photo: Ruud Zwart. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  3. 169. Wall plaque, from Oba’s palace

    Edo peoples, Kingdom of Benin (Nigeria). 16th century ce. Cast brass.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A brass plaque in high relief: a large central figure sits sideways on a small horse, flanked by two attendants who raise shields over his head, with smaller figures beside him and two tiny figures at the top corners.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  4. 170. Sika dwa kofi (Golden Stool)

    Ashanti peoples (south central Ghana). c. 1700 ce. Gold over wood and cast-gold attachments.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A crowd of people gathered around a gold-covered stool resting on its own chair, in an old black-and-white photograph.
    UK government photograph, 1935. Public domain · Source

  5. 171. Ndop (portrait figure) of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul

    Kuba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo). c. 1760–1780 ce. Wood.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A wooden figure of a seated king with crossed legs, wearing a flat-brimmed headdress, with a small object on the base in front of him.
    Photo: Brooklyn Museum. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  6. 172. Power figure (Nkisi n’kondi)

    Kongo peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo). c. late 19th century ce. Wood and metal.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A standing wooden figure with white inset eyes and hands on its hips, its chest and shoulders bristling with hundreds of nails and blades, and a shell set into its belly.
    Photo: Sailko. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  7. 173. Female (Pwo) mask

    Chokwe peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Late 19th to early 20th century ce. Wood, fiber, pigment, and metal.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

  8. 174. Portrait mask (Mblo)

    Baule peoples (Côte d’Ivoire). Early 20th century ce. Wood and pigment.

    Topic 6.2 Purpose and Audience in African ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  9. 175. Sande Sowei mask

    Sande Society, Mende peoples (West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia). 19th to 20th century ce. Wood, cloth, and fiber.

    Topic 6.2 Purpose and Audience in African Art

  10. 176. Ikenga (shrine figure)

    Igbo peoples (Nigeria). c. 19th to 20th century ce. Wood.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

  11. 177. Lukasa (memory board)

    Mbudye Society, Luba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo). c. 19th to 20th century ce. Wood, beads, and metal.

    Topic 6.2 Purpose and Audience in African Art

  12. 178. Aka elephant mask

    Bamileke (Cameroon, western grassfields region). c. 19th to 20th century ce. Wood, woven raffia, cloth, and beads.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African ArtSee it on brooklynmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)

  13. 179. Reliquary figure (byeri)

    Fang peoples (southern Cameroon). c. 19th to 20th century ce. Wood.

    Topic 6.2 Purpose and Audience in African Art

    A dark, glossy wooden figure of a standing person with a high crested hairstyle, downcast eyes, hands held together at the chest and short, bent legs.
    Photo: Brooklyn Museum. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  14. 180. Veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife (Opo Ogoga)

    Olowe of Ise (Yoruba peoples). c. 1910–1914 ce. Wood and pigment.

    Topic 6.1 Cultural Contexts of African Art

    A tall carved wooden post of a seated king with a woman standing behind him and smaller figures around.
    Art Institute of Chicago. CC0 · Source

Content area 7: West and Central Asia, 500 BCE–1980 CE

Works 181–191 · About 4% of the exam

Unit 7 guideUnit 7 flashcards

  1. 181. Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple

    Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman. c. 400 bce–100 ce. Cut rock.

    Topic 7.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in West and Central Asian Art

    A tall temple facade with columns and statues carved directly into a rose-colored cliff.
    Photo: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  2. 182. Buddha

    Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gandharan. c. 400–800 ce (destroyed in 2001). Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint.

    Topic 7.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in West and Central Asian Art

    Men standing in front of a cliff with a giant standing figure carved inside a deep arched niche, in an old photograph.
    Photo: Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Swiss National Library. Public domain · Source

  3. 183. The Kaaba

    Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument; rededicated by Muhammad in 631–632 ce; multiple renovations. Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread.

    Topic 7.2 Purpose and Audience in West and Central Asian Art

    A large black cube covered in cloth with a gold-embroidered band, surrounded by a dense crowd of pilgrims.
    Photo: Adli Wahid, edited by Basile Morin. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  4. 184. Jowo Rinpoche, enshrined in the Jokhang Temple

    Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty. Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 ce. Gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint; various offerings.

    Topic 7.2 Purpose and Audience in West and Central Asian ArtSee it on whc.unesco.org (opens in a new tab)

  5. 185. Dome of the Rock

    Jerusalem. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 ce, with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.

    Topic 7.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in West and Central Asian Art

    An octagonal building with a large golden dome and walls covered in blue tiles.
    Photo: Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  6. 186. Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh)

    Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties. c. 700 ce; additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th, and 20th centuries ce. Stone, brick, wood, plaster, and glazed ceramic tile.

    Topic 7.2 Purpose and Audience in West and Central Asian Art

    A tall courtyard entrance framed by a huge arched porch covered in blue tilework, with two minarets.
    Photo: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  7. 187. Folio from a Qur’an

    Arab, North Africa, or Near East. Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century ce. Ink, color, and gold on parchment.

    Topic 7.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in West and Central Asian Art

    A wide parchment page with five lines of bold, horizontal brown script dotted in red, above a gold decorated band with a round gold ornament in the margin and one more line of script below.
    Morgan Library & Museum, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  8. 188. Basin (Baptistère de St. Louis)

    Muhammad ibn al-Zain. c. 1320–1340 ce. Brass inlaid with gold and silver.

    Topic 7.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in West and Central Asian Art

    A large brass basin decorated with bands of figures inlaid with silver and gold.
    Photo: Shonagon. CC0 · Source

  9. 189. Bahram Gur Fights the Karg, folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama

    Islamic; Persian, Il’Khanid. c. 1330–1340 ce. Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper.

    Topic 7.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in West and Central Asian Art

    A manuscript page with blocks of text around a painting of a horseman fighting a horned wolf in a landscape.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  10. 190. The Court of Gayumars, folio from Shah Tahmasp’s Shahnama

    Sultan Muhammad. c. 1522–1525 ce. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper.

    Topic 7.2 Purpose and Audience in West and Central Asian Art

    A crowded manuscript painting of a ruler and his followers seated on rocky hills, dressed in leopard skins, among animals and brightly colored rocks.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  11. 191. The Ardabil Carpet

    Maqsud of Kashan. 1539–1540 ce. Silk and wool.

    Topic 7.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in West and Central Asian Art

    A very large carpet with a central medallion surrounded by smaller ovals and a dense pattern of flowers on a dark blue background.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

Content area 8: South, East, and Southeast Asia, 300 BCE–1980 CE

Works 192–212 · About 8% of the exam

Unit 8 guideUnit 8 flashcards

  1. 192. Great Stupa at Sanchi

    Madhya Pradesh, India. Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty. c. 300 bce–100 ce. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A large hemispherical stone dome with a railing around it and a tall carved stone gateway in front.
    Photo: Photo Dharma. CC BY 2.0 · Source

  2. 193. Terra cotta warriors from mausoleum of the first Qin emperor of China

    Qin Dynasty. c. 221–209 bce. Painted terra cotta.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A life-size clay soldier in armor with a carved face and topknot, half-buried in earth in an excavation pit beside other figures.
    Photo: Gary Lee Todd. CC0 · Source

  3. 194. Funeral banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)

    Han Dynasty, China. c. 180 bce. Painted silk.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A long T-shaped silk banner on a dark red-brown ground, painted with a crescent moon and a red sun holding a black bird at the top, coiling dragons and figures below, and black tassels hanging from its corners.
    Hunan Museum, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  4. 195. Longmen caves

    Luoyang, China. Tang Dynasty. 493–1127 ce. Limestone.

    Topic 8.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    The calm face of a colossal stone buddha carved into a cliff, framed by a carved halo and smaller niches.
    Photo: Gary Todd. CC0 · Source

  5. 196. Gold and jade crown

    Three Kingdoms period, Silla Kingdom, Korea. Fifth to sixth century ce. Metalwork.

    Topic 8.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A tall gold crown with branch-like and antler-like uprights hung with jade pieces, displayed in a dark case.
    Photo: somedragon2000. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  6. 197. Todai-ji

    Nara, Japan. Various artists, including sculptors Unkei and Keikei, as well as the Kei School. 743 ce; rebuilt c. 1700 ce. Bronze and wood (sculpture); wood with ceramic-tile roofing (architecture).

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A massive wooden temple hall with a sweeping double tiled roof.
    Photo: Cun Cun. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  7. 198. Borobudur Temple

    Central Java, Indonesia. Sailendra Dynasty. c. 750–842 ce. Volcanic-stone masonry.

    Topic 8.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A huge stepped stone monument with terraces of carved walls rising to rows of small bell-shaped domes.
    Photo: Andrew Otto. CC BY-SA 2.0 · Source

  8. 199. Angkor, the temple of Angkor Wat, and the city of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

    Hindu, Angkor Dynasty. c. 800–1400 ce. Stone masonry, sandstone.

    Topic 8.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A long stone temple with tall lotus-bud towers reflected in a still pool, with palm trees on either side.
    Photo: Satdeep Gill. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  9. 200. Lakshmana Temple

    Khajuraho, India. Hindu, Chandella Dynasty. c. 930–950 ce. Sandstone.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A stone temple with a cluster of tall, rounded, richly carved towers rising from a raised platform, seen behind a large tree.
    Photo: Chetansoni. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  10. 201. Travelers among Mountains and Streams

    Fan Kuan. c. 1000 ce. Ink and colors on silk.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A tall hanging scroll of an enormous mountain towering over a waterfall, trees and a tiny mule train on a path below.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  11. 202. Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja)

    Hindu; India (Tamil Nadu), Chola Dynasty. c. 11th century ce. Cast bronze.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A green-brown bronze statue of a four-armed dancing figure with one leg raised and hair streaming out to the sides, inside a ring of flames on a round lotus base.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  12. 203. Night Attack on the Sanjô Palace

    Kamakura period, Japan. c. 1250–1300 ce. Handscroll (ink and color on paper).

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A painted scroll scene of buildings engulfed in red flames, with soldiers, horses and fleeing people crowded below.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  13. 204. The David Vases

    Yuan Dynasty, China. 1351 ce. White porcelain with cobalt-blue underglaze.

    Topic 8.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A pair of tall blue-and-white porcelain vases with dragons, elephant-head handles and inscriptions on the necks.
    Photo: BabelStone. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  14. 205. Portrait of Sin Sukju (1417–1475)

    Imperial Bureau of Painting. c. 15th century ce. Hanging scroll (ink and color on silk).

    Topic 8.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A painted portrait of a seated official in a green robe with an embroidered square on his chest and a black winged hat.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  15. 206. Forbidden City

    Beijing, China. Ming Dynasty. 15th century ce and later. Stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, and ceramic tile.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A large palace hall with a double golden roof on a white marble platform, with crowds in a huge courtyard.
    Photo: Gisling. CC BY 3.0 · Source

  16. 207. Ryoan-ji

    Kyoto, Japan. Muromachi period, Japan. c. 1480 ce; current design most likely dates to the 18th century ce. Rock garden.

    Topic 8.4 Theories and Interpretations of South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A rectangular garden of raked white gravel with small groups of rocks surrounded by moss, behind a low wall.
    Photo: lumoplank. CC0 · Source

  17. 208. Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings

    Bichitr. c. 1620 ce. Watercolor, gold, and ink on paper.

    Topic 8.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A painting of a ruler on an hourglass-shaped throne with a halo, handing a book to an old holy man while other men wait below.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  18. 209. Taj Mahal

    Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor. 1632–1653 ce. Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens.

    Topic 8.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A white marble tomb with a large dome and four minarets reflected in a long pool.
    Photo: Yann, edited by King of Hearts. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  19. 210. White and Red Plum Blossoms

    Ogata Korin. c. 1710–1716 ce. Ink, watercolor, and gold leaf on paper.

    Topic 8.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A folding screen with a stylized dark stream curving down the middle between two flowering trees on a gold background.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  20. 211. Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Kanagawa oki nami ura), also known as the Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji

    Katsushika Hokusai. 1830–1833 ce. Polychrome woodblock print; ink and color on paper.

    Topic 8.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in South, East, and Southeast Asian Art

    A print of a huge wave with claw-like foam about to crash over three boats, with a small snowy mountain in the distance.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. CC0 · Source

  21. 212. Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan

    Artist unknown; based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua. c. 1969 ce. Color lithograph.

    Topic 8.2 Purpose and Audience in South, East, and Southeast Asian ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

Content area 9: The Pacific, 700–1980 CE

Works 213–223 · About 4% of the exam

Unit 9 guideUnit 9 flashcards

  1. 213. Nan Madol

    Pohnpei, Micronesia. Saudeleur Dynasty. c. 700–1600 ce. Basalt boulders and prismatic columns.

    Topic 9.3 Theories and Interpretations of Pacific Art

    Ruined walls made of stacked dark stone columns among tropical plants.
    Photo: Uhooep. CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

  2. 214. Moai on platform (ahu)

    Rapa Nui (Easter Island). c. 1100–1600 ce. Volcanic tuff figures on basalt base.

    Topic 9.3 Theories and Interpretations of Pacific Art

    A row of huge stone heads and torsos standing on a stone platform, one wearing a red stone topknot.
    Photo: Rivi. CC BY-SA 3.0 · Source

  3. 215. ‘Ahu ‘ula (feather cape)

    Hawaiian. Late 18th century ce. Feathers and fiber.

    Topic 9.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Pacific Art

  4. 216. Staff god

    Rarotonga, Cook Islands, central Polynesia. Late 18th to early 19th century ce. Wood, tapa, fiber, and feathers.

    Topic 9.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Pacific ArtSee it on britishmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)

  5. 217. Female deity

    Nukuoro, Micronesia. c. 18th to 19th century ce. Wood.

    Topic 9.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Pacific Art

  6. 218. Buk (mask)

    Torres Strait. Mid- to late 19th century ce. Turtle shell, wood, fiber, feathers, and shell.

    Topic 9.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Pacific Art

    A mask of turtle shell plates shaped like a face combined with a bird form, trimmed with feathers and fiber.
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain · Source

  7. 219. Hiapo (tapa)

    Niue. c. 1850–1900 ce. Tapa or bark cloth, freehand painting.

    Topic 9.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Pacific ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  8. 220. Tamati Waka Nene

    Gottfried Lindauer. 1890 ce. Oil on canvas.

    Topic 9.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Pacific Art

    A portrait of an older man with full facial tattoos, wearing a cloak and holding a carved weapon.
    Wikimedia Commons. Public domain · Source

  9. 221. Navigation chart

    Marshall Islands, Micronesia. 19th to early 20th century ce. Wood and fiber.

    Topic 9.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Pacific Art

  10. 222. Malagan display and mask

    New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. c. 20th century ce. Wood, pigment, fiber, and shell.

    Topic 9.3 Theories and Interpretations of Pacific Art

  11. 223. Presentation of Fijian mats and tapa cloths to Queen Elizabeth II

    Fiji, Polynesia. 1953 ce. Multimedia performance (costume; cosmetics, including scent; chant; movement; and pandanus fiber/hibiscus fiber mats), photographic documentation.

    Topic 9.2 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Pacific ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

Content area 10: Global Contemporary, 1980 CE to Present

Works 224–250 · About 11% of the exam

Unit 10 guideUnit 10 flashcards

  1. 224. The Gates

    New York City, U.S. Christo and Jeanne-Claude. 1979–2005 ce. Mixed-media installation.

    Topic 10.4 Theories and Interpretations of Global Contemporary ArtSee it on christojeanneclaude.net (opens in a new tab)

  2. 225. Vietnam Veterans Memorial

    Washington, D.C., U.S. Maya Lin. 1982 ce. Granite.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on nps.gov (opens in a new tab)

  3. 226. Horn Players

    Jean-Michel Basquiat. 1983 ce. Acrylic and oil paintstick on three canvas panels.

    Topic 10.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on thebroad.org (opens in a new tab)

  4. 227. Summer Trees

    Song Su-nam. 1979 ce. Ink on paper.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  5. 228. Androgyne III

    Magdalena Abakanowicz. 1985 ce. Burlap, resin, wood, nails, and string.

    Topic 10.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on metmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)

  6. 229. A Book from the Sky

    Xu Bing. 1987–1991 ce. Mixed-media installation.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on xubing.com (opens in a new tab)

  7. 230. Pink Panther

    Jeff Koons. 1988 ce. Glazed porcelain.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  8. 231. Untitled #228, from the History Portraits series

    Cindy Sherman. 1990 ce. Photograph.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on moma.org (opens in a new tab)

  9. 232. Dancing at the Louvre, from the series The French Collection, Part I; #1

    Faith Ringgold. 1991 ce. Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border.

    Topic 10.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on collection.thegund.org (opens in a new tab)

  10. 233. Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People)

    Jaune Quick-to-See Smith. 1992 ce. Oil and mixed media on canvas.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on chrysler.emuseum.com (opens in a new tab)

  11. 234. Earth’s Creation

    Emily Kame Kngwarreye. 1994 ce. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on mbantua.com.au (opens in a new tab)

  12. 235. Rebellious Silence, from the Women of Allah series

    Shirin Neshat (artist); photo by Cynthia Preston. 1994 ce. Ink on photograph.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  13. 236. En la Barberia no se Llora (No Crying Allowed in the Barbershop)

    Pepon Osorio. 1994 ce. Mixed-media installation.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on engage.thewadsworth.org (opens in a new tab)

  14. 237. Pisupo Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000)

    Michel Tuffery. 1994 ce. Mixed media.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on collections.tepapa.govt.nz (opens in a new tab)

  15. 238. Electronic Superhighway

    Nam June Paik. 1995 ce. Mixed-media installation (49-channel closed-circuit video installation, neon, steel, and electronic components).

    Topic 10.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on americanart.si.edu (opens in a new tab)

  16. 239. The Crossing

    Bill Viola. 1996 ce. Video/sound installation.

    Topic 10.4 Theories and Interpretations of Global Contemporary ArtSee it on guggenheim.org (opens in a new tab)

  17. 240. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

    Spain. Frank Gehry (architect). 1997 ce. Titanium, glass, and limestone.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on guggenheim-bilbao.eus (opens in a new tab)

  18. 241. Pure Land

    Mariko Mori. 1998 ce. Color photograph on glass.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  19. 242. Lying with the Wolf

    Kiki Smith. 2001 ce. Ink and pencil on paper.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  20. 243. Darkytown Rebellion

    Kara Walker. 2001 ce. Cut paper and projection on wall.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on mudam.com (opens in a new tab)

  21. 244. The Swing (after Fragonard)

    Yinka Shonibare. 2001 ce. Mixed-media installation.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on tate.org.uk (opens in a new tab)

  22. 245. Old Man’s Cloth

    El Anatsui. 2003 ce. Aluminum and copper wire.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on harn.emuseum.com (opens in a new tab)

  23. 246. Stadia II

    Julie Mehretu. 2004 ce. Ink and acrylic on canvas.

    Topic 10.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  24. 247. Preying Mantra

    Wangechi Mutu. 2006 ce. Mixed media on Mylar.

    Topic 10.3 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on smarthistory.org (opens in a new tab)

  25. 248. Shibboleth

    Doris Salcedo. 2007–2008 ce. Installation.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on tate.org.uk (opens in a new tab)

  26. 249. MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts

    Rome, Italy. Zaha Hadid (architect). 2009 ce. Glass, steel, and cement.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on maxxi.art (opens in a new tab)

  27. 250. Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds)

    Ai Weiwei. 2010–2011 ce. Sculpted and painted porcelain.

    Topic 10.2 Purpose and Audience in Global Contemporary ArtSee it on tate.org.uk (opens in a new tab)