Aim for FiveHuman Geography

No-stimulus question

From the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt

  • Units 2, 6 and 7
  • 7 points
  • About 25 minutes

A real-world geographic situation described only in words, followed by seven short parts (A–G) that ask you to identify, define, describe or explain ideas from at least two units. On the exam: Question 1 of 3 in the 1-hour-15-minute free-response section (Section II). The three questions together are 50% of your exam score, so each is worth about 16.7%; 7 points, one for each part A–G. College Board suggests about 25 minutes per question, including up to 5 minutes to plan. No calculator.

The question

Between the 1960s and the 2000s, many manufacturing cities in the northeastern and midwestern United States, such as Detroit, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, lost large numbers of factory jobs. Over the same years, population and employment grew quickly in many metropolitan areas of the southern and western United States. Answer all seven parts, (a) through (g). Write in complete sentences; a list of terms will not earn points.

Suggested time: 25 minutes

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Part (a)

1 point

Define deindustrialization.

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Part (b)

1 point

Explain ONE reason manufacturing companies moved production away from older industrial cities in the northeastern and midwestern United States.

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Part (c)

1 point

Explain how deindustrialization can lead to a negative multiplier effect in a city.

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Part (d)

1 point

Explain how economic push AND pull factors contributed to internal migration from the northeastern and midwestern United States to the southern and western United States.

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Part (e)

1 point

Describe how the location of manufacturing changed at the global scale during this period.

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Part (f)

1 point

Explain how redeveloping a brownfield site can support a former industrial city's economic recovery.

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Part (g)

1 point

Explain how some former industrial cities have shifted their economies toward the tertiary or quaternary sector.

0 / 2,500 characters

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