Two-stimulus question

Health, longevity and scale

Units 1, 2 and 7
7 points
About 25 minutes

Seven short parts (A–G) built around two sources (data, images and/or maps), drawing on ideas from at least two units. You read each source, compare or connect them, and explain them with course ideas, often across different scales. On the exam: Question 3 of 3 in the 1-hour-15-minute free-response section (Section II). The three questions together are 50% of your exam score, so each is worth about 16.7%; 7 points, one for each part A–G. College Board suggests about 25 minutes per question, including up to 5 minutes to plan. No calculator.

The question and its sources

Country L is an upper-middle-income country. Use the two sources below to answer all seven parts, (a) through (g). Write in complete sentences.

Source 1: Leading causes of death in Country L, 1960 and 2020 (% of all deaths)

Cause of death	1960	2020
Infectious and parasitic diseases	41	9
Heart disease and stroke	14	38
Cancers	6	22
Injuries	9	8
All other causes	30	23

Source: Hypothetical data

Source 2: Health and urbanization by region, Country L, 2020

Region	Life expectancy at birth (years)	Doctors per 10,000 people	Urban population (%)
Capital Region	81	38	96
Coastal Region	78	24	71
Interior Highlands	69	7	28
Country L (all regions)	77	26	72

Source: Hypothetical data

Suggested time: 25 minutes

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Part (a)

1 point

Using Source 1, describe the change in the share of deaths caused by infectious and parasitic diseases from 1960 to 2020.

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Part (b)

1 point

Using Source 1, explain how the data illustrate the epidemiological transition model.

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Part (c)

1 point

Explain ONE reason deaths from infectious diseases decline as a country develops.

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Part (d)

1 point

Using Source 2, describe the relationship between the number of doctors per 10,000 people and life expectancy.

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Part (e)

1 point

Using Source 2, explain ONE reason life expectancy is lower in the Interior Highlands than in the Capital Region.

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Part (f)

1 point

Using BOTH sources, explain how analyzing health at the national scale could give a different picture than analyzing it at the regional scale.

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Part (g)

1 point

Explain how the changes shown in Source 1 are likely to affect Country L's population structure and health-care needs.

Your answer to part (g)

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