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Comparative analysis

Who controls the energy sector

  • Unit 5
  • 5 points
  • About 20 minutes

You define a political concept, institution or policy, describe how it shows up in two of the course countries, and compare or explain how those two countries handle it. On the exam: Question 3 of 4 in the free-response section (1 hour 30 minutes for all four, 50% of your score; this question is 12.5%).

The question

Answer parts A, B, and C. In parts B and C, use the same two AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries (China, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, United Kingdom). Recent change to keep in mind (as of October 2026): Mexico's 2024 constitutional energy reform and its 2025 implementing laws made Pemex and CFE 'state public companies' with priority over private firms, rolling back part of the 2013 opening to private investment.

Suggested time: 20 minutes

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Part (a)

1 point

Define privatization.

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Part (b)

2 points

Describe a policy that changed the level of state control over the energy sector (oil, gas, or electricity) in two different AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries.

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Part (c)

2 points

Explain why the government of each country described in part B adopted the energy policy described for that country.

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